Ma nā ʻoihana e like me microelectronics, optoelectronics a me biopharmaceuticals,annealing ʻālohilohi(BA), pickling a i ʻole passivation (AP),ka hoʻowali electrolytic (EP)a me ka mālama lua vacuum e hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā ʻōnaehana pipeline maʻemaʻe a kiʻekiʻe e hoʻouna ana i nā mea ʻike a ʻino paha. Nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (VIM + VAR).
A. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Electro-Polished (Electro-Polished) ʻo EP. Ma o ka polishing electrochemical, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka ʻili, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻili maoli i kekahi ʻano. He kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide pani ʻia ka ʻili, kokoke ka ikehu i ka pae maʻamau o ka alloy, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka media - kūpono pinepine no ka papa uilanā kinoea maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.
B. ʻO ka Bright Annealing (Bright Annealing) i kapa ʻia ʻo BA. ʻO ka mālama wela kiʻekiʻe i ka hydrogenation a i ʻole ke kūlana vacuum, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hoʻopau i ke kaumaha kūloko, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana i kahi kiʻi passivation ma luna o ka paipu e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano morphological a hoʻemi i ka pae ikehu, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui i ka ʻili o ka ʻili - kūpono pinepine no GN2, CDA, a me nā kinoea inert ʻole.
C. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Pickled & Passivated/Chemically Polished (Pickled & Passivated/Chemically Polished) ʻo AP a me CP. ʻAʻole e hoʻonui ka pickling a i ʻole passivation o ka paipu i ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ka ʻili, akā hiki iā ia ke wehe i nā ʻāpana i koe ma ka ʻili a hoʻemi i ka pae ikehu, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻemi i ka helu o nā interlayers - i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā paipu papa ʻoihana.
D. ʻO ka paipu hoʻomaʻemaʻe lua hoʻoheheʻe lua ʻo Vim (Vacuum Induction Melting) + Var (Vacuum ArcRemelting), i kapa ʻia ʻo V+V, he huahana ia na Sumitomo Metal Company. Ua hana hou ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana arc i loko o kahi mokuʻāina vacuum, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi pono ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ka ʻili. Degree - kūpono pinepine no nā kinoea uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e like me: BCL3, WF6, CL2, HBr, etc. 
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-08-2024